RESUMO A bacia do rio Passaúna situa-se na parte superior da Bacia do Rio Iguaçu e inclui um reservatório de águas de abastecimento público para mais de 500 mil habitantes da região metropolitana de Curitiba. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade das águas desse reservatório e identificar eventuais ocorrências de tendência temporal de variação. O estudo de características físicas, químicas e biológicas do corpo de água envolveu dados históricos e recém-adquiridos de nove indicadores e três índices: Índice de Qualidade das Águas (WQI), Índice de Estado Trófico (TSI) e Índice de Diversidade de Shannon-Weaver (H’) para diversidade de macroinvertebrados. A conformidade aos padrões de qualidade prescritos foi analisada com base em curvas de permanência de qualidade de água. Duas formas de cálculo do WQI foram contrastadas para averiguar o efeito de disponibilidade incompleta de dados. Tendências temporais em parâmetros-chave foram buscadas com o teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados do WQI, entre 1991 e 2014, indicaram que a qualidade da água do reservatório pode ser classificada como “boa”, apresentando tendência estatisticamente significativa de melhoria na última década de tal período. Os resultados obtidos para o TSI ficaram na faixa oligotrófico/mesotrófico e sem tendência significativa de variação temporal. O resultado de biodiversidade do H’=1,6, obtido com dados adquiridos em 2014, indicou um ecossistema aquático moderadamente degradado, tipicamente associado com o represamento de cursos de água e com um certo grau de comprometimento da qualidade da água. A abordagem integradora multi-indicadores de aspectos físicos, químicos e biológicos adotada neste estudo conferiu robustez à avaliação realizada da qualidade de água do corpo de água no médio-longo prazo.

ABSTRACT The Passaúna catchment is part of the Upper Iguaçu watershed and includes a water supply reservoir for over 500,000 inhabitants of Curitiba metropolitan region. The aim of this study was to establish the state of reservoir water quality, and whether it has undergone any recent medium- and long-term variations. A physical-chemical-biological assessment was undertaken using nine indicators and three indexes: Water Quality Index (WQI), Trophic State Index (TSI) and Shannon-Weaver Index (H’) for macroinvertebrate diversity. Compliance with the prescribed quality standards for the water body was verified using frequency curves. Two WQI calculation approaches were contrasted to test for conditions of partial data unavailability. Temporal trends in key parameters were assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. WQI results from 1991-2014 indicated that the water quality may be classified as good and improved in the final decade of such period, while most TSI results were in the oligotrophic/mesotrophic range, but with no significant temporal trend. The biodiversity result of H’=1.6 obtained with data acquired in 2014 indicated a moderately degraded ecosystem that is typically associated with flow regulation and a degree of water quality impairment. Such a multi-indicator integrated physical-chemical-biological monitoring approach comprised a robust framework for assessments of medium-long term aquatic health.

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição de classes de tamanho e proporção sexual ampliando o conhecimento do comportamento reprodutivo de Diplodon expansus (Küster, 1856) e da biodiversidade dos corpos de água da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Piraquara, Paraná, Brasil. A área de estudo corresponde a um trecho do rio Piraquara de águas lóticas, e mata ciliar relativamente bem preservada. Foram realizadas quatro coletas no período de março de 2006 a dezembro de 2006. No rio Piraquara o D. expansus ocorre em substratos arenoso e lodoso. O comprimento dos exemplares variou entre 17 mm e 65 mm, sendo que a maior frequência de classes de comprimento foi registrada para as classes intermediárias. A análise histológica das gônadas possibilitou a determinação de uma razão sexual 1:1, não tendo sido identificado nenhum exemplar hermafrodita, caracterizando uma população tipicamente dióica. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas demonstram uma gametogênese contínua, com picos de liberação larval no verão.

This study aimed to analyze the distribution of size classes and sex ratio to broaden the knowledge on the reproductive behavior of Diplodon expansus (Küster, 1856) and the biodiversity of the water bodies of the Área de Proteção Ambiental Piraquara, Paraná, Brazil. The study area is a section of the Piraquara river, characterized by lotic water and relatively well preserved riparian vegetation. Four samplings were carried out from March 2006 to December 2006. In the Piraquara river, D. expansus occurs in sections of the river with sandy and slimy substrate. The length of specimens ranged from 17 mm to 65 mm, and the highest frequencies of length classes were found for intermediate sizes. Histological analysis of gonads revealed a 1:1 sex ratio. No hermaphrodite specimens were found, characterizing a dioecious population. Qualitative and quantitative analysis showed a continuous gametogenesis, with peaks of larval release in the summer.

Os seguintes aspectos foram tratados sobre uma população do isopódo bopirídeo Aporobopyrus curtatus, parasito do caranguejo porcelanídeo Petrolisthes armatus: descrição e morfometria dos estágios de desenvolvimento, distribuição temporal da densidade relativa e da proporção de sexos. Adicionalmente, um provável ciclo de vida do parasito foi proposto. As coletas dos caranguejos hospedeiros foram feitas na Ilha do Farol, Matinhos, Estado do Paraná, de novembro de 1989 a abril de 1991. Um total de 967 bopirídeos foi obtido de 529 caranguejos porcelanídeos. Os seguintes estágios de desenvolvimento ou reprodutivos foram reconhecidos na população do parasito: criptonisco, fêmea imatura, fêmea madura, fêmea ovígera, fêmea embrionada, bopirídeo e macho maduro. A densidade relativa flutuou de 0,09 (janeiro/1990) a 0,33 parasitos por hospedeiro (abril/1990 e abril/1991). Dentre os parasitos imaturos, houve predominância de fêmeas, entretanto, a proporção de sexos foi de 1:1 na população madura. As larvas criptoniscos invadiram os hospedeiros P. armatus de novembro a maio, mas, casais de adultos de A. curtatus estiveram presentes o ano inteiro, exceto em janeiro. Fêmeas imaturas estiveram ausentes somente em quatro meses e os bopirídeos em seis meses durante os 18 meses de estudo. Houve uma sincronia no desenvolvimento do hospedeiro e do respectivo parasito: parasitos larvais infestaram hospedeiros juvenis e parasitos maduros, os hospedeiros maduros.

The following aspects on the population of the bopyrid Aporobopyrus curtatus infesting the porcelain crab Petrolisthes armatus from Farol Island were treated: description and biometry of the developmental stages, temporal distribution of the relative density and the sex-ratio. Furthermore, a probable life cycle of this parasite is proposed. Collections of the crab hosts were done in the Farol Island, Matinhos, Paraná State, Brazil, from November 1989 to April 1991. A total of 967 bopyrids were obtained from 529 porcelain crabs. Seven developmental and reproductive stages were recognized in the parasite population: cryptoniscus, immature female, mature female, ovigerous female, female with embryos, bopyridium and mature male. The relative density fluctuated from 0.09 (January/1990) to 0.33 parasites per host (April/1990 and April/1991). Among immature parasites, females predominated. However, the sex-ratio was 1:1 when they became adults. Cryptoniscus larvae invaded P. armatus from November to May, but adult couples of A. curtatus were present all year round, except in January. Immature females were absent only in four months and bopyridia in six months, out of 18 months. There was a synchronic development between host and its parasite: parasite larvae infested juvenile crabs, and mature parasites, mature hosts.

A study of the temporal distribution of the decapod populations from a rocky shore at Farol Isle, Matinhos, State of Paraná, Brazil (25o51'S e48o32'W) was carried out. The rocky shore is 13m wide when the tidal level is zero meter and about 8o inclination. In the supralittoral, the rocky basins is mostly covered by a layer of litter coming from the terrestrial environment. In the midlittoral and upper infralittoral, the rocky slope is overlayed by boulders and pebbles and they constitute a highly complex environment of crevices, holes and concavities; the underlayer pebbles are embedded in sand, gravel and mud. In the infralittoral fringe, macrocospic algae grow as a continuous belt. Eight samples were taken by hand, monthly, from May-90 to April-91: two from supralittoral, four from midlittoral and two from infralittoral fringe. The density was calculated as number of individuais per cubic meter of pebble piles. The air temperature oscillated from 13.0oC (May-90) to 27.0oC (March-91), the surface water temperature from 16.0oC (July-90) to 28.0oC (February-91) and salinity from 6.7‰ (November-90) to 29.4‰ (July-90). There were registered 27 species (14 brachyuran crabs, 5 anomuran crabs and 8 caridean). The total density of decapod varied from 309.28 ind.m-3 (June-90) to 1,483.22 ind.m-3 (July-90). The density oscillated according to the temperature or salinity fluctuation only in three species. High densities were correlated to the breeding months in four species. Petrolisthes armatus (Gibbes, 1850) was the most numerous species and its density oscillated from 111.76 ind.m-3 (August-90) to 668.25 ind.m-3 (March-91). Eleven species occurred constantly (at least in 8 months), among which, five had a continuous breeding all year round: Synalpheus fritzmuelleri Coutière, 1909, Alpheus bouvieri A. Milne Edwards, 1878, Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1860, Pilumnus dasypodus Kingsley, 1879 and Petrolisthes armatus. Armases angustipes (Dana, 1852), Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) and Panopeus occidentalis (Saussure, 1857) showed ovigerous females during the warm months, when the surface water temperature was equal or above 24oC, whilst Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857 and Eurypanopeus abbreviatus Stimpson, 1860, equal or above 20oC. Despite of the constant occurrence of the porcelain crab Petrolisthes galalhinus (Bosc, 1801), it was not possible to infer its breeding period due to the absence of ovigerous females and the presence of juveniles only in a few samples.

A simple net trap for capturing agile porcelain crabs living amongst superposed stones of the midlittoral rocky shore was developed. About a hundred pebbles and boulders were dislodged from I m² area and Im depth, so that a pit was formed. A sheet net of Im² and Imm mesh size was spread on the bottom of this pit and the stones were replaced again, like the original condition. After a cicle of high tide (about 12 hours), the same stones in the pit were carefully searched by dislodging and by rinsing them. The porcelain crabs were slowly getting out from the handling stones towards the bottom until they found the net sheet. The net border was lifted and the animais captured. The density of population sampled with the aid of the net trap was about 50% higher than that collected by hand. Also, small size species and early developmental stages were adequately collected in this trap. However, the sampling by hand also showed a good performance, as all species of Porcellanidae known from Farol isle and all developmental stages of those species were registered in this collection methodology.